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Santalum paniculatum

Hook. & Arn. (1832)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

‘iliahi [iliahi], sandalwood

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 3–10(–20) m tall. Apparently hemiparasitic on roots of other plants.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or rarely alternate. Blades ovate, elliptic, or obovate, (2.5–)5.5–6(–8) cm long, (2–)2.54.5 cm wide. Upper surfaces glossy; lower surfaces dull and ± pale, often glaucous, brittle; evergreen, simple, ± conspicuously discolorous, sometimes yellowish orange to bluish or olive green. Margins entire. Petioles 2–15 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and ± axillary, compound cymes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), with a sweet fragrance, greenish in bud, about as long as wide. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla greenish, tinged with brown, orange, or salmon after opening, 4– 8 mm long. Stamens 4(5). Ovary inferior; stigma 2–4-lobed.

Fruit: Drupes purple to black at maturity; 10–12 mm long; with an apical receptacular ring. Seeds muricate; with pointed beak on one end.

Ploidy: 2n = 40*

Habitat: Scattered in dry woodland on lava or on cinder cones; to higher elevation wet forest or secondary <i>Metrosideros</i> forest.

Elevation Range: 450–2,000 (–2,550) m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Beechey Voy.: 94 (1832)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum paniculatum off the North Kohala Rd. at Acacia koaia Sanctuary, Dept. of Forestry Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5285 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
2 Santalum paniculatum Between Huehue and Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3613 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
3 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, 30.8 mi N of intersection of Kealakikua Rd. and Belt Rd Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1337 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
4 Santalum paniculatum Kapua, S. Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12515 Hawaii BISH 1912-01-01
5 Santalum paniculatum S slope Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 5 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-02
6 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. 634 Hawaii BISH 1902-10-01
7 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8770 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
8 Santalum paniculatum Volcano of Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8770 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
9 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. 8000 Hawaii BISH 1915-10-01
10 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Chain of Craters Rd. ~3 mi from jct. with Crater Rim Rd Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6336 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-08
11 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2937 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-24
12 Santalum paniculatum Pohakuloa Training Area. Growing on small gulch mauka of telephone pole #116 Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 678 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-08
13 Santalum paniculatum N.Kona, Puuwaawaa; along Huehue Puuwaawaa pipe line, between water tanks 1-3 Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 111 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-24
14 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, 30.8 mi N of intersection of Kealakikua Rd. and Belt Rd Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1338 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
15 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 686 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-26
16 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. 12517 Hawaii BISH 1915-10-30
17 Santalum paniculatum Kanehaha, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 236 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-23
18 Santalum paniculatum Kaalapunuwale, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 228 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-21
19 Santalum paniculatum S. Kona, Puu Leihua Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25728 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-16
20 Santalum paniculatum open woods, Aleale Crater, chain of craters, Napau Trail Kilauea Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11222 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-20
21 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. 8000 Hawaii BISH 1915-10-01
22 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1375 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-31
23 Santalum paniculatum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13047 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
24 Santalum paniculatum North Kona, Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
25 Santalum paniculatum Pohakuloa military reservation. Open metrosideros, myrsine and Dodonea on substation Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5233 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-13
26 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Crater Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
27 Santalum paniculatum near Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-10-06
28 Santalum paniculatum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
29 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea, trail to crater from volcano house Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1927-08-03
30 Santalum paniculatum Between Puuwaawaa and Waimea aa desert Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5291 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-18
31 Santalum paniculatum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-23
32 Santalum paniculatum N.Kona, Puuwaawaa, 4/5 of way east of tank behind Poohohoo, near and in sight of Halfway House Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Hawaii BISH 1946-07-18
33 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
34 Santalum paniculatum Hawaii National Park, Kilauea, Kau Desert in the vicinity of great crack Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Hawaii BISH 1939-03-11
35 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. Hawaii BISH 1927-07-21
36 Santalum paniculatum Mauna Kea; east of Hale Pohaku Camp Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
37 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea crater road Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
38 Santalum paniculatum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1951-01-19
39 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
40 Santalum paniculatum Volcano Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
41 Santalum paniculatum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
42 Santalum paniculatum unknown Preserved_Specimen Hawaii BISH
43 Santalum paniculatum Kona Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
44 Santalum paniculatum Hanehane, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 175 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-16
45 Santalum paniculatum unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
46 Santalum paniculatum Kawaihae, DHHL Survey, Supp. Sta. P Pasture above kiawe forest with Prosopis, Leucaena leucocephala, Opuntia ficus-indica, Solanum sodomeum. Preserved_Specimen Trees 8-12 ft. high with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 10289 Hawaii BISH 1989-08-04
47 Santalum paniculatum Royal Gardens, Kalapana, ca. 100 ft. off Prince St. towards Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Closely associated with Canthium, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Dodonaea, and Christmas berry. Very low elevation. Substrate `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 ft. height, 6 ft. spread, basal diam. 10 in. Leaves yellow-green. Few fruit, some inflorescences. Only one seen Davis, J. 1004 Hawaii BISH 1985-05-24
48 Santalum paniculatum Haloa Aina reforestation Project site. Hawaii State TMK 379001014. Planted within 5m of the Haloa Aina Greenhouse Manicured lawn setting. The area is regularly mowed and temperature ranges from 26deg C to 1.6deg C. Other plants: Acacia koa, Sophora chrysophylla, Pitosporum spp, Pipturus albidus, and Myoporum sandwicense Preserved_Specimen Tree ca. 9.5 years old, ca. 5 m height and 0.1 m DBH. Speetjens, T.M. Hawaii BISH 2023-01-23
49 Santalum paniculatum Pohakuloa Training Area near Puu Koko, mauka of pole 116 alluvum of small gulch Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 675 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-08
50 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, SW slopes of Puu Halalei, Keahou `a`a lava, pasture Preserved_Specimen 8 m x 20 cm tree, leaves shining dark green above, glaucous beneath, tepals cream, ripe fruit blackish violet, not glaucous Stauffer, H.U. 5895 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
51 Santalum paniculatum Between Huehue and Puuwaawaa dry lava fields Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3607 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
52 Santalum paniculatum Puu Laau exclosure, Mauna Kea Sophora forest Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 680 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-08
53 Santalum paniculatum NW of Kaalualu dry aa forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5318 Hawaii BISH 1929-09-13
54 Santalum paniculatum Kapapala Forest Reserve, Kau District, growing beside jeep road Growing in open koa-'ohi'a parkland with native shrubs and grasses. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellowish-green, fruit purple. Cuddihy, L.W. 812 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-02
55 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, Puuanahulu dry forest on aa; with Myoporum sandwicense st.johnii Preserved_Specimen small tree, greenish flowers Webster, G.L. 14006 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-30
56 Santalum paniculatum N.Kona, Puuwaawaa Ranch in Acacia koa, pasture Preserved_Specimen tree with greenish flowers Herbst, D.R. 5481 Hawaii BISH 1975-09-24
57 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, Puuwaawaa lava flows Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25717 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-14
58 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, SW slopes of Puu Hualalei, NW of Waha Pele Volcanic Cone `a`a lava, scattered trees and shrubs Preserved_Specimen 6 m tree, leaves shining olive green above, glaucous beneath, unripe fruit green, shining, persistent base of style blackish Stauffer, H.U. 5898 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
59 Santalum paniculatum SW flank of Mauna Loa, Manuka open Metrosideros forest on unweathered aa with scrub; with Polypodium, Coprosma, Dodonaea, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6247 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-22
60 Santalum paniculatum Kapua, makai of Hwy Diospyros forest Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 694 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-10
61 Santalum paniculatum NE of Kaalualu Dry aa forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5319 Hawaii BISH 1929-09-13
62 Santalum paniculatum Kau desert Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1929-04-01
63 Santalum paniculatum Haloa Aina reforestation Project site. Hawaii State TMK 379001014. Planted within 5m of the Haloa Aina Greenhouse Manicured lawn setting. The area is regularly mowed and temperature ranges from 26deg C to 1.6deg C. Other plants: Acacia koa, Sophora chrysophylla, Pitosporum spp, Pipturus albidus, and Myoporum sandwicense Preserved_Specimen Tree ca. 9.5 years old, ca. 5 m height and 0.1 m DBH. Speetjens, T.M. Hawaii BISH 2023-01-23
64 Santalum paniculatum near Kilauea MC, National Park Metrosideros forest on pahoehoe lava; in small depression Preserved_Specimen 5' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 11 Hawaii BISH 1984-05-12
65 Santalum paniculatum 2.5 mi SSE of Puu Kapele Naio, Aalii Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 529 Hawaii BISH 1943-04-16
66 Santalum paniculatum Between Huehue and Puuwaawaa dry lava fields Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3728 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
67 Santalum paniculatum Hilo, Olaa-Hiulani old lava flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 429 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-08
68 Santalum paniculatum Northwest of Mauna Loa Boys School, Kulani Project, South Hilo District A small stand of 3 trees and 1 sapling. Growing in an open Metrosideros forest with a Styphelia scrub with a Deschampia grassland. Pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen A 12 ft tall tree with 4 inch dbh. 15 ft spread, small light green flowers, no fruit, and excellent vigor. Clarke, G. 565 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
69 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, SW slopes of Puu Hualalei, NW of Waha Pele Volcanic Cone volcanic ash with open low shrubby vegetation, with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Exocarpos Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub; diameter of thickest branches to 10 cm at base, leaves somewhat plicte, shining golden green above, glaucous beneath, bark of branches reddish brown, inflorescences lateral or terminal, no flower, unripe fruit green, shinning or slightly glaucous Stauffer, H.U. 5900 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
70 Santalum paniculatum Stainback Hwy wind, sun, cold, lava Preserved_Specimen tree Degener, O. 21850 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-15
71 Santalum paniculatum Kona, Kikiaeae with koa, in open stands Preserved_Specimen 8-10 diam. trees Christ, J.H. Hawaii BISH 1958-05-16
72 Santalum paniculatum Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Native Garden. Cultivated in BPBM Native Hawaiian Garden. With Ipomoea batatas, Plumbago zeylanica, Pipturus albidus, and Acacia koaia. Preserved_Specimen 2 m tall, low-branching shrub. About 1 m from neighboring Santalum (BISH 787378) with canopies touching. Leaves elliptic to sub-obovate, 4.9 cm x 2.9 cm (not incl. petiole), pale glaucous underside. Inflorescence is more congested than neighboring Santalum with the lowest node 0.6 cm long. Inflorescences mostly terminal. Petals Salmon (Color 83, G. Köhler 2012) to Chasmois (C 84). Nectaries Light Orange Yellow (C 77) to Dark Spectrum Yellow (C 78). Petals straight upon opening. Walvoord, N. 2023010 Oahu BISH 2023-02-08
73 Santalum paniculatum 19 mi from Waimea toward Kona aa desert Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5295 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-18
74 Santalum paniculatum Mauna Kea, SW slope above military camp, Puu Laau volcanic sand, thicket of sandalwood with grasses Preserved_Specimen ~5 m x 38 cm tree with several trunks, leaves shining dark green above, dull whitish beneath, flowers fragrant, receptacle glaucous, tepals yellow inside, fruit ripe shinning blackish purple, unripe fruit shining green Stauffer, H.U. 5906 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-21
75 Santalum paniculatum saddle between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanic hills; sand and rubble; open shrubby vegetation with Myoporum, Dodonaea and grasses Preserved_Specimen ~3.5 m x 20 cm tree with several trunks, bark light gray, longitudinally fissured, flowers fragrant, receptacle green, tepals green outside, yellow or yellow brown inside, thecae yellow brown, disc yellow Stauffer, H.U. 5905 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-21
76 Santalum paniculatum E of Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea arid lava ledges Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19970 Hawaii BISH 1949-09-04
77 Santalum paniculatum Between Waha Pele and Puu Ikaaka, Hualalai, N. Kona tall shrub Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub, leaves dull yellowish green Fosberg, F.R. 41645 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
78 Santalum paniculatum Keauhou 2 Ahupuaa, W slope of Mauna Loa, heading WNW from ca. 1.3 km N of Kohalapilau toward Highway 11. Transect 61, Station 45. Dry koa-mamane community with an exotic grass and scattered native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1042 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-01
79 Santalum paniculatum S slope of Hualalai decadent Sophora forest, pasture and grass Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31344 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-27
80 Santalum paniculatum 2 mi NE of Huehue Ranch House, Kaupulehu, N. Kona in scrub on aa lava Preserved_Specimen 6 m x 15 cm tree; flowers greenish, sweet St.John, H. 22451 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-28
81 Santalum paniculatum Keauhou Ranch On top of aa flow ridge. Native scrub and open Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 ft tall, basal diam. 14 inches, spread 20 X 25 ft. Flowers greenish. Davis, J. 216 Hawaii BISH 1980-02-05
82 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea, between Volcano House and military camp volcanic ash and pahoehoe lave, shrubby forest Preserved_Specimen 3 m x 15 cm tree, leaves dull light green above and whitish beneath when young, old leaves shining yellow green above, reddish brown inside, disc yellow green, fruit bluish black, glaucous Stauffer, H.U. 5903 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-20
83 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Kipuka Puaulu between fenced area and picnic area closed canopy ohia-koa forest and exotic grass understory Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 667 Hawaii BISH 1974-11-01
84 Santalum paniculatum Kaupulehu Forest S of Puuwaawaa, N. Kona rough aa lava, dry forest; with Diospyros ferrea sandwicensis, Colubrina, Nototrichium, Kokia, Canthium, Alphitonia Preserved_Specimen 20' tree, foliage yellow green; flowers greenish; fruit red purple, during dark purple when mature Carlquist, S. 2102 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-31
85 Santalum paniculatum 4 km S of benchmark 2487, Volcano Rd; 4-6 km S of Puu Kamoamoa wet ohia forest, native trees and shrub, treefern; semi shaded Preserved_Specimen 6 cm x 5 m shrub Jacobi, J.D. 1341 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-07
86 Santalum paniculatum upslope of Kalapana Reynoldsia, Canthium, Schinus, Wikstroemia, Bobea Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 662 Hawaii BISH 1974-11-01
87 Santalum paniculatum mauka of pole 116, near Puu Koko, Pahakuloa Training area, W of headquarters alluvum of small gulch Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 673 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-08
88 Santalum paniculatum 2 mi NE of Huehue Ranch House, Kaupulehu, N. Kona in scrub on aa lava Preserved_Specimen 8 m x 2 dm tree; drupes black, bitter, semiedible St.John, H. 22452 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-28
89 Santalum paniculatum makai of Puu Ohohia, Mauna Loa kipuka Preserved_Specimen 20' tree Degener, O. 31382 Hawaii BISH 1966-11-29
90 Santalum paniculatum 3 mi W of Volcano House, National Park with Coprosma ernodeoides, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Metrosideros; greyish volcanic soil Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4069 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-06
91 Santalum paniculatum Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Puu Ohohia semi closed Metrosideros and Acacia forest, understory Dodonaea, Styphelia, Vaccinium on cinder. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6315 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-05
92 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, Kaupulehu grassy lava flow with scattered trees Preserved_Specimen 3 m x 5 cm loosely branched tree, leaves shining light green above, yellowish or whitish glaucous beneath, receptacle green, tepals green outside, reddish inside, thecae yellow brown, disc yellow green, poststaminal hairs white, flower fragrant Stauffer, H.U. 5907 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-21
93 Santalum paniculatum Waimea Kona Rd., opposite Puuwaawaa Dry, open forest on`a`a lava Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; leaves yellow green, glossy above; flowers green, yellowish within, fragrant Fosberg, F.R. 41692 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-23
94 Santalum paniculatum Kau near 1920 flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1880 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-20
95 Santalum paniculatum Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in disturbed open Metrosideros, with few Acacia koa; shrubs Dodonaea, Styphelia and pasture of Eragrostis brownei, Setaria geniculata and Sacciolepis indica Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 ft tall, 20 ft spread, 14 in. dbh. Flowers reddish yellow, ripe fruit red. Davis, J. 402 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-16
96 Santalum paniculatum Saddle Rd., small side road leading mauka from pole 116 alluvial fan from Mauna Kea with Chenopodium, Sophora, Euphorbia, Myoporum, Santalum, Dodonaea Preserved_Specimen 4' tree Stemmermann, R.L. 678 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-08
97 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Kipuka Puaulu between fenced area and picnic area closed canopy ohia-koa forest and exotic grass understory Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 669 Hawaii BISH 1974-11-01
98 Santalum paniculatum South Kona District: SW slopes of Mauna Loa, Kapua `a`a lava with scattered trees, shrubs, ferns Preserved_Specimen ~7 m x 30 cm tree, bark blackish gray, longitudinally fissured, leaves shining green above, glaucous beneath, receptacle shining green, tepals green outside, reddish inside, unripe fruit green , ripe fruit black, shinning Stauffer, H.U. 5902 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-20
99 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, SW slopes of Puu Hualalei, NW of Waha Pele Volcanic Cone Steep inside slope of cone, Aa-lava, with scattered Metrosideros and Dodonaea Preserved_Specimen Shrubby tree to 3m; flowers somewhat fragrant, receptacle green, not glaucous, tepals cream-coloured, disc and thecae yellow; 5 trees seen Stauffer, H.U. 5896 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
100 Santalum paniculatum Kaohe Game Management area just .5 mile north of Ahumoa on makai side of a jeep road Growing in an open Sophora-Myoporum scrub forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft tall, excellent condition, with a straight trunk, 10-12 in. dbh. Clarke, G. 271 Hawaii BISH 1979-10-09
101 Santalum paniculatum 20 mi from Waimea toward Kona aa desert Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5292 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-20
102 Santalum paniculatum Northwest of Mauna Loa Boys School, Kulani Project, South Hilo District A small stand of 3 trees and 1 sapling. Growing in an open Metrosideros forest with a Styphelia scrub on a pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen A tree, 8 ft ht, 3 in. basal diam. 10 ft spread, good vigor, fruit and flower of rare occurrence. Clarke, G. 566 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
103 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa, rough lava Preserved_Specimen tree ht. 10m MacDaniels, L.H. 303 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-01
104 Santalum paniculatum SE of Kauunuoku, Hualalai, N. Kona Occasional in scrub on lapilli ash. Preserved_Specimen shrub 2 m. tall, leaves dark dull purplish green when old, light green when young; flowers green, fragrant. Fosberg, F.R. 41651 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
105 Santalum paniculatum Saddle Rd., Humuula, S slope of cinder cone, 1 mi S of Oonaokoili, N. Hilo sparse upper forest Preserved_Specimen 8 m x 2 dm tree, flower greenish St.John, H. 22378 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-26
106 Santalum paniculatum Kahulea, 6.1 mi from Kalae turnoff kipuka in 1907 flow Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1302 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-23
107 Santalum paniculatum Manuka Mauka In wooded Ripuka Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft high. St.John, H. 11342 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-26
108 Santalum paniculatum S. Kona among lava flows Preserved_Specimen 18-20' tree Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-06-01
109 Santalum paniculatum East of Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea In arid Edwardsia forest. Preserved_Specimen Single tree. Degener, O. 19971 Hawaii BISH 1949-09-04
110 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, SW slopes of Puu Hualalei, NW of Waha Pele Volcanic Cone `a`a lava, scattered trees and shrubs Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m; leaves glossy dark green above, glaucous beneath; flowers somewhat fragrant, tepals first cream-coloured, brownish later Stauffer, H.U. 5897 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
111 Santalum paniculatum SE of Kauunuoku, Hualalai, N. Kona low shrub Preserved_Specimen 0.4 m shrub; flowers yellow green; fruit black, juicy when ripe Fosberg, F.R. 41655 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
112 Santalum paniculatum 20 mi from Kona aa desert Preserved_Specimen Hawaii BISH 1926-08-20
113 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea, Chain of Craters Rd., 0.8 km SE of Makaopuhi Crater dense forest on `a`a lava, with Metrosideros, Ilex, many ferns Preserved_Specimen 6 m x 25 cm tree, bark black gray, longitudinally fissured, leaves dull light green above, dull whitish beneath, receptacle somewhate glaucous, tepals green outside, reddish inside, thecae yellow, disc yellow green, style and stigma pale green, poststaminal hairs white Stauffer, H.U. 5904 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-20
114 Santalum paniculatum Kaupulehu FR W of lava flow, fenced Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4902 Hawaii BISH 1983-07-28
115 Santalum paniculatum makai of Ocean View Estates, Kau mixed ohia forest on aa Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6664 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-06
116 Santalum paniculatum S. Kohala District, near Puu Heewai, ca. 2 miles SE of Keamuku Growing on edge of small gully. Preserved_Specimen Tree 12 ft tall, spread 15 ft, 3 basal stems, each with diam. of 6 inches. Leaves shiny green above, glaucous beneath. Flowers yellow-orange, fragrant. No fruit present. New shoots purplish. Davis, J. 655 Hawaii BISH 1981-12-03
117 Santalum paniculatum Kau district, Keauhou Ranch Growing under Metrosideros tree in open Metrosideros scrub on pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft tall and 7 inch basal diam. Flowers yellow green, many bees visiting flowers. No fruit. Cuddihy, L.W. 172 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-31
118 Santalum paniculatum Kaupulehu Forest Reserve. Adjacent to the Kaupuleho Lava Flow. Dry forest, part of akipuka, growing adjacent to the Kaupuleho Lava Flow; aa lava. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 inches diameter, 7 feet tall. Flowers with pale greenish yellow petals. Some leaves diseased. Stern, W.L. 3121 Hawaii BISH 1974-03-28
119 Santalum paniculatum Haloa Aina reforestation Project site. Hawaii State TMK 379001014. Planted within 5m of the Haloa Aina Greenhouse Manicured lawn setting. The area is regularly mowed and temperature ranges from 26deg C to 1.6deg C. Other plants: Acacia koa, Sophora chrysophylla, Pitosporum spp, Pipturus albidus, and Myoporum sandwicense Preserved_Specimen Tree ca. 9.5 years old, ca. 5 m height and 0.1 m DBH. Speetjens, T.M. Hawaii BISH 2023-01-23
120 Santalum paniculatum Puu Huluhulu, saddle road cinder cone vegetated w/ Dodonaea, Sophora, Myoporum, Ohia; adj. older cone older & w/koa. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 664 Hawaii BISH 1974-11-01
121 Santalum paniculatum Humuula, SE slopes of Mauna Kea; 0.5-7 km SE of Puu Kanakaleonui at treeline dry mamane woodland with mixed grass, native shrub understory Preserved_Specimen 4-5 m Warshauer, F.R. 3121 Hawaii BISH 1981-01-20
122 Santalum paniculatum Ocean View Estates on aa; with Metrosideros, Canthium, mamaki Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 697 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-10
123 Santalum paniculatum SW flank of Mauna Loa, Manuka Metrosideros Kipuka, with Coprosma, Dodonaea, Pelea, Pittosporum, Santalum, Styphelia, Vaccinium, on cinder Preserved_Specimen 4 m tree Higashino, P.K. 5814 Hawaii BISH 1977-06-13
124 Santalum paniculatum Kapua rough lava. Preserved_Specimen spreading tree, ht 10 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 271 Hawaii BISH 1926-11-16
125 Santalum paniculatum Between Na Puukulua and 1859 lava flow dry plain Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 19973 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-21
126 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Kilauea, Bird Park open woods Preserved_Specimen 20' tree; membranous leaves St.John, H. 11250 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
127 Santalum paniculatum Saddle Rd., small side road leading mauka from pole 116 on alluvum Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m small leafed tree Stemmermann, R.L. 676 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-08
128 Santalum paniculatum Norman Greenwell property. Near Puu Lehua Hualalai Present dominant in plain. Kikuyu grass, Myoporum, Sophora, some koa. Preserved_Specimen 5 m. tall, dbh 10 cm. some to 7 m. tall and 20 cm dbh. but most smaller. The iliahi trees were all conspicuous w/shiny upper leaf surfaces. Stemmermann, R.L. 6915 Hawaii BISH 1984-09-23
129 Santalum paniculatum Keonepoko Iki, halfway along Kikou St. (from Kehakai Blvd.) Uluhe-covered margin of agricultural lot. Preserved_Specimen 10 ft. shrub, one of several growing under ohia and Pandanus. Takeuchi, W.N. 3450 Hawaii BISH 1987-02-09
130 Santalum paniculatum Pohakuloa Training Area Area 2X3 ft. Growing in pahoehoe with Pennisetum setaceum, Cocculus. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub 2 ft tall. Mostly buds present, flowers green. Leaves glossy above, dull, somewhat glaucous below. Davis, J. 296 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-07
131 Santalum paniculatum Ocean View Estates, Coral Parkway just off Tike Lane Metrosideros, Sophora, Osteomeles Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 699 Hawaii BISH 1975-01-10
132 Santalum paniculatum 1 mi SW of Puuanahulu, North Kona, below road sparse forest on dry aa lava Preserved_Specimen 5 m x 8 cm tree; bottom thick subcoriaceous, above shiny green, below pale green St.John, H. 22553 Hawaii BISH 1947-01-04
133 Santalum paniculatum Koaia Tree Santuary, 5 mi nw of Waimea Dry forest. Preserved_Specimen shrub 10ft, 3in. in diam., planted, rare. Little Jr., E.L. 31086 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-18
134 Santalum paniculatum Kau desert Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-04-01
135 Santalum paniculatum Kapua, makai of road, S. Kona Diospyros forest Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 695 Hawaii BISH 1975-11-10
136 Santalum paniculatum SW flank of Mauna Loa, Puu Ohohia semi closed Metrosideros, Acacia forest; with Dodonaea, Styphelia, Vaccinium, on cinder Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6331 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-05
137 Santalum paniculatum Kau desert Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 389 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-02
138 Santalum paniculatum Honomalino old lava, with Lantana and Cassia glauca Preserved_Specimen 6-7 m tree, flower small, greenish-yellow, faint fragrance, fruit green to dark purple; light bark Bryan Jr., E.H. 759 Hawaii BISH 1932-11-26
139 Santalum paniculatum Northeast of Pakoa Waterhole, alongside a jeep trail, Kapapala Forest Reserve, Kau District On pahoehoe substrate with ash pockets, growing in an open scattered Metrosideros scrub with Dodonaea, Styphelia, Andropogon, and Machaerina Preserved_Specimen A 6 ft tree, 15 ft spread, 1.5 inch basal diameter, good vigor, occasional abundance. Clarke, G. 617 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-02
140 Santalum paniculatum Kau, SE of Pahale desert Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 606 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-20
141 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Kilauea Military Camp open Metrosideros, grassland, on unweathered pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen small shrub, in flower, no fruit Takeuchi, W.N. 10 Hawaii BISH 1984-05-12
142 Santalum paniculatum S slope of Mauna Kea between Puu Kole, Puu Loaloa and Keanakolu Rd full sun; dry mixed grass, native shrub with mamane trees Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m x 15 cm tree; in flower with buds Jacobi, J.D. 2005 Hawaii BISH 1981-01-20
143 Santalum paniculatum down 200 m down Hilina Pali Rd. from intersection with Chain of Craters Rd.; 20 m W of road; plot 1 Metrosideros, native shrub, Andropogon Preserved_Specimen ~6' tree Newell, C.L. 402 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-15
144 Santalum paniculatum Between Waha Pele and Puu Ikaaka, Hualalai, N. Kona tall shrub Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m shrub; leaves stiff, yellow green; fruit immature Fosberg, F.R. 41649 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
145 Santalum paniculatum HVNP on unweathered pahoehoe scattered individuals, most in flower but no fruits Preserved_Specimen small shrub in the open Metrosideros - grassland association by KMC. Takeuchi, W.N. 749 Hawaii BISH 1984-05-12
146 Santalum paniculatum Kaupulehu, on transect T12 Open Diospyros forest. Preserved_Specimen 20' treelet. Takeuchi, W.N. 5810 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-20
147 Santalum paniculatum South Kohala Distr., near Puu Heewai, ca. 2 mi southeast of Keamuku Growing on edge of small gully near Pu`u He`ewai. Preserved_Specimen Tree 12 ft. tall, spread 15 ft., 3 basal stems, each with diam. of 6 in. Leaves shiny green above, glaucous beneath. Flowers yellow-orange, fragrant. No fruit present. New shoots purplish. Davis, J. 655 Hawaii BISH 1981-12-03
148 Santalum paniculatum Puu Nene, near Humuula Sheep station base of small cinder cone Preserved_Specimen 20' x 6 tree with blackish furrowed bark; foliage brittle, coriaceous, glossy dark green above, bluish-gray powdery below; young foliage thinner, paler, less contorted. Flowers yellow green Herbst, D.R. 916 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-13
149 Santalum paniculatum Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in disturbed open Metrosideros forest with few Acacia koa, shrubs Dodonaea, Styphelia, and pasture of Eragrostis brownei, Setaria geniculata and Sacciolepis indica. Preserved_Specimen Tree 15' tall, 20' spread, 14 dbh. Flowers reddish yellow, ripe fruit red. Numerous honeybees active. Browsing damage at base and 2 main branches half dead. Davis, J. 402 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-16
150 Santalum paniculatum S of Papaloa, Capt. Cook, Kona open forest Preserved_Specimen straight trunk with smooth red-gray bark Degener, O. 20342 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-13
151 Santalum paniculatum Above Kipuka Ahiu forest to L of 1880-1 flow Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 907 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-23
152 Santalum paniculatum S. Kona, N of Kahaluu, plains of Umi with Exocarpos, mamane, naio Preserved_Specimen 15-20' tree; branches flat, spreading Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-01
153 Santalum paniculatum Kaupulehu Forest Reserve, Section B. Open bog, dry a'a', native forest at 1950 ft. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3004 Hawaii BISH 1973-05-03
154 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, Puuwaawaa, N slope of Hualalai, 1 km E of Kileo and Potato Hill full sun; dry koa, ohia; native shrub, exotic grass Preserved_Specimen 9 cm x 3 m Jacobi, J.D. 1163 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-09
155 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, Puuwaawaa, between Poohohoo and water tank half a mile + east of it Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 77 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-20
156 Santalum paniculatum Puu Huluhulu-saddle road Preserved_Specimen forest 3m tall Stemmermann, R.L. 665 Hawaii BISH 1974-11-01
157 Santalum paniculatum Puu Nene, Humuula Sheep Station Preserved_Specimen 20' x 6 tree with blackish, furrowed bark. Foliage brittle, coriaceous, glossy, dark green above, bluish-gray, powdery below; young foliage thinner, paler, less contorted; flowers yellow green Herbst, D.R. 916 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-13
158 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, near Huehue, main road Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3218 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-11
159 Santalum paniculatum Saddle Road, 23.5 mi from Hilo kipuka Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20205 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-26
160 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Kipuka Puaulu between fenced area and picnic area closed canopy ohia-koa forest and exotic grass understory Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 666 Hawaii BISH 1974-11-01
161 Santalum paniculatum Puna, upper Kealakomo steep slopes of pali, lehua forest Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3018 Hawaii BISH 1959-07-09
162 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, Hawaii Belt Rd., near mile 28, Kaupulehu Preserve Preserved_Specimen flowers yellow green, fragrant; fruit red to dark purple Flynn, T.W. 1302 Hawaii BISH 1985-10-16
163 Santalum paniculatum Slopes of Mauna Kea, Waiki Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 460 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
164 Santalum paniculatum Manuka Mauka, Kau Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11340 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-26
165 Santalum paniculatum Puhulahula, hill in Humuula Saddle 20 mi w. of Hilo. Acacia koa forest. Mauna Loa Forest and Game reserve Preserved_Specimen small tree 25ft, 1ft diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31264 Hawaii BISH 1976-09-23
166 Santalum paniculatum Ocean View Estates, 0.1 mi N. of Ocean View General Store, along Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. ht. Kimura, B. 5 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-29
167 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea, Bird Park; Hawaii Natl Park open woods Preserved_Specimen 20 ft. tree St.John, H. 11265 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
168 Santalum paniculatum National Park, Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen 25' tree; leaves glaucous; fruit blackish purple Stone, B.C. 2940 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-24
169 Santalum paniculatum n. Kona district. Kaupulehu Preserve, along Mamahaloa Highway (190) at 12 miles NE of Kailua Kona (by 28 mile marker); Preserved_Specimen small tree 4-5 m tall with dense crown. Corolla greenish yellow. Ocassional. Lorence, D.H. 5484 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-06
170 Santalum paniculatum Puu Huluhulu cinder cone Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19984 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
171 Santalum paniculatum In gulch with Lantana-Ipomoea congesta association. Land of Kapua, S. Kona District Preserved_Specimen tree 12 m ht. Perigone greenish-yellow. Flowers slightly fragrant. Nagata, K.M. 2609 Hawaii BISH 1983-02-13
172 Santalum paniculatum Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Tree 25ft tall; lvs. glaucous; frts. blackish-purple. Stone, B.C. 2940 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-24
173 Santalum paniculatum Puu Nene, near Humuula Sheep Station Preserved_Specimen 20' x 6 tree with blackish furrowed bark; foliage brittle, coriaceous, glossy, dark green above, bluish-gray, powdery below; young foliage thinner, paler, less contorted. Flowers yellow-green Herbst, D.R. 916 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-13
174 Santalum paniculatum Puu Huluhulu, Humuula, N. Hilo hill kipuka, open woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23932 Hawaii BISH 1949-12-24
175 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea crater below Volcano House ledges along trail Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3381 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-18
176 Santalum paniculatum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1951-01-19
177 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-28
178 Santalum paniculatum Along a road leading to Kiholo, Kona Coast growing on a'a lava with Erythrina, Metrosideros, Xylosma, Lantana. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1588 Hawaii BISH 1970-02-22
179 Santalum paniculatum tree in brown Ranch pasture Preserved_Specimen tree 15-18ft, trunk approx. 15 in circumf. Giffard, W.M. Hawaii BISH 1927-07-21
180 Santalum paniculatum N. Kona, lava fields, Kaupulehu Preserved_Specimen A small tree Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1959-09-09
181 Santalum paniculatum Old stream crack, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen from tree 15 ft high; circum. 12 in. Giffard, W.M. Hawaii BISH 1927-07-21
182 Santalum paniculatum Puna; Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2937 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-24
183 Santalum paniculatum Kilauea, in old stream creek Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 ft, cicrum. 8 in. Giffard, W.M. Hawaii BISH 1927-06-21
184 Santalum paniculatum Kau-Kona near boundary Kahuku Ranch, Kipuka between two 1907 flows from Mauna Loa Preserved_Specimen A scrubby tree Glover, J.W. Hawaii BISH 1947-06-23
185 Santalum paniculatum forest of Ainahau near Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 ft Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-10-06
186 Santalum paniculatum Kona, uplands of Puu Lehua, Greenwell Ranch Preserved_Specimen Tree 25ft high Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-24
187 Santalum paniculatum S. slope of Hualalai Preserved_Specimen erect to 18 ft high. Degener, O. Hawaii BISH 1967-07-27
188 Santalum paniculatum Kau Desert, Haw. Natl. Park Preserved_Specimen small tree 5 in. diameter. Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-04-01
189 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2700 Hawaii BISH 1953-02-01
190 Santalum paniculatum Flats Southeast of Waha Pele. Keahou no. 2 Hualalai, No. Kona Preserved_Specimen spreading trees 4m tall, leaves rather glossy, dull yellowish green; flowers greenish, fragrant. Fosberg, F.R. 41644 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
191 Santalum paniculatum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 15 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
192 Santalum paniculatum Kapua, S. Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12515 Hawaii BISH 1912-06-01
193 Santalum paniculatum along Kau-Kona road Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 607 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-21
194 Santalum paniculatum 9 mi W of Naalehu Post Office on Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5233 Hawaii BISH 1984-01-16
195 Santalum paniculatum crater rim trail betw. Kialuea Military Camp and Volcano Observatory, Hawaii National Park Preserved_Specimen shrub 2m tall, leaves dull, yellowish green, fruit immature. Fosberg, F.R. 41780 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-27
196 Santalum paniculatum Between Waha Pele and Puu Ikaaka, Hualalai, N. Kona Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3m. tall, leaves dull yellowish green. Fosberg, F.R. 41645 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
197 Santalum paniculatum N.Kona, Kaupulehu, dry weedy lava slopes 2 mi east of Huehue Preserved_Specimen tree 5 m. high; flowers greenish-yellow. Webster, G.L. 1822 Hawaii BISH 1948-06-23
198 Santalum paniculatum Puuoikaaka Crater. slops of Mt. Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10048 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-13
199 Santalum paniculatum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17149 Hawaii BISH 1918-07-01
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